Persons with disabilities

 1) Protection Objectives

• To identify and assess the needs of persons with disabilities, from the start of an emergency and throughout.
• To provide an immediate and adequate response to specific protection needs and ensure that barriers to access protection and assistance programmes are identified and mitigated, so that activities, infrastructure, and communication are accessible to persons with disabilities on an equal footing with other displaced and stateless persons.
• To ensure that appropriate systems are in place during an emergency to prevent and respond to violence against persons with disabilities and their families, or their exploitation or abuse.
• To create conditions in which people with disabilities do not suffer discrimination and participate in decisions that affect them.
• To ensure that all responses take account of and include persons with disabilities, by applying an age, gender and diversity lens and considering their needs and capacities. Persons with disabilities must be enabled to participate as actors in the protection of their families and communities.

2) Protection Risks

• Persons with disabilities may experience difficulties in moving, hearing, seeing, communicating, or learning that may prevent their access to basic assistance and protection if these are not made accessible to them.
• Persons with disabilities face a variety of barriers that can be identified and mitigated: these may be physical and environmental; attitudinal; policy; or in communication.
• Persons with disabilities are more likely to experience violence, including sexual and domestic abuse; exploitation by family members; discrimination; and exclusion from access to humanitarian assistance, education, livelihoods, health care, a nationality, and other services. Women, older persons, children, and LGBTI persons who have a disability are doubly exposed to such risks. Persons with albinism may experience severe violence, including killings, in certain contexts.
• Persons with disabilities are likely to be more at risk in dispersed rural and urban settings and recent displacement sites because communities in these locations are less cohesive and community protection mechanisms may be weaker.
• Adolescents and youth with disabilities are frequently excluded from peer group activities and social networks that can help to protect them from violence, including gender-based violence (GBV).
• Children with disabilities may suffer stigma, bullying or discrimination (including harassment) at the hands of their peers or teachers, harming their educational opportunities.
• Persons with psychosocial and intellectual disabilities may face targeted violence, including being restrained at home or institutionalized. They tend to be less identifiable than persons with    physical and sensory disabilities. As a result, programmes are less likely to address their needs and registration procedures are more likely to overlook them.

3) Other risks

• Persons with disabilities will be particularly at risk if UNHCR or its partners fail to protect the security of displaced and stateless persons.
• The reputation of UNHCR and its partners will be put at risk if they do not fulfil their responsibility to protect all displaced and stateless persons.

4) Key decision points

• At the start of an emergency, consider accessibility standards when designing shelter and settlement options, selecting sites, planning, and designing infrastructure, and setting access standards.
• Make sure that arrangements for emergency aid distribution address the access needs of persons with disabilities, including by planning adaptations in delivery mechanisms (e.g., outreach).
• Ensure that persons with disabilities are identified and registered and that their needs are assessed.
• Establish referral systems to ensure that persons with disabilities reach relevant service providers. Enhance systems to prevent and respond to violence, exploitation, and abuse so that they are accessible and responsive to violence experienced by persons with disabilities.
• Make information and messaging about programmes accessible to persons with disabilities by using multiple channels and accessible formats (audio, video, using plain language and sign language).
• Train staff, partners, and local and national authorities to recognize and respond to the specific protection needs of persons with disabilities.
• Ensure persons with disabilities can participate in protecting their families and communities.
• In non-camp settings, take steps to identify potential partners and establish an outreach programme, to ensure that persons with disabilities are identified and receive information they need.

5) Key steps

Identification and assessment procedures

• Assign community workers, UNHCR protection staff or Community-Based protection staff to (pre-) registration points or places of arrivals, to identify and register persons with disabilities.
• Integrate the Washington Group short set of disability questions (available in UNHCR Profile Global Registration System (ProGres) under the Specific Needs Codes – Disability) in data collection mechanisms to identify persons with disabilities.
• Appoint community workers or partners' staff to identify and register persons with disabilities who may not have been present at (pre-)registration. (This is often due to barriers at access registration points.) Persons with disabilities and their representative organisations may be useful sources of information.
• During rapid and participatory assessments, include specific questions about the experiences of persons with disabilities. Do so to identify specific protection risks, specific needs, and barriers that prevent people from obtaining assistance.
• Consult persons with disabilities to determine which referral mechanisms and which forms of assistance they find most appropriate and accessible.
• Train registration staff and provide guidance on how they should identify and record persons with disabilities who have not yet been registered in ProGres.
• Enter in ProGres the specific needs of persons with disabilities by using the Specific Needs Codes on Disability.

Access to services

• Identify families that include persons who have difficulty moving; in consultation with the families, locate them close to facilities and services when assigning plots and shelters.
• Train partners and local service providers in disability inclusion and build their capacity to implement it.
• In consultation with persons with disabilities, adapt medical centres, distribution sites, water sources, latrines, schools, shelters, and other infrastructure, to make them safe, accessible, and appropriate for persons with disabilities. (Avoid barriers or tripping hazards, include ramp access, large doorways, handrails on stairs, space to turn a wheelchair, non-slippery floors, etc.).
• Ensure food and other distributions are accessible to persons with disabilities by establishing a distribution monitoring system. Where appropriate, consider separate queues, transport support, smaller parcels, or home delivery systems. Work with health and nutrition partners to identify specific dietary needs of persons with disabilities and people with chronic health issues.
• Adapt cash-based assistance programmes to be accessible and address additional expenses that households with persons with disabilities may have (e.g., health, accessible transportation).
• Consult persons with disabilities when designing new infrastructures and deciding what items distributions should include (for example, lighter jerrycans). Consult early to avoid expensive adjustments later.
• Work with school authorities and communities to improve the inclusion of children with disabilities. Adapt education programmes where necessary. Include children and parents in consultation.
• Consult persons with disabilities to identify barriers they face in accessing health services. (Include public health, sexual and reproductive health, maternal and child health, etc.).

Support services

• Map service providers and potential partners (at community, local and national level, and camp level if applicable) who provide specialized services, such as rehabilitation and assistive devices. Check that their services can be accessed by refugees.
• In consultation with persons with disabilities, identify service providers, agree on coordination mechanisms, and establish referral mechanisms for access to services.
• Prioritize persons with disabilities in family reunification efforts. Do not separate persons with disabilities from their family members or support persons, or from their assistive devices, adaptive aids, or medication (for example, during relocation or transport).
• Consult persons with disabilities and the wider community to assess the community's capacity to support persons with disabilities who are alone and need support.
• Identify persons with disabilities who are living in institutions and ensure that protection staff and partners follow up.

Prevention of abuse and exploitation

• Ensure that all programmes to prevent and respond to sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) and gender-based violence (GBV) are accessible and include persons with disabilities.
• Through community workers and other partners, establish systems for monitoring and following up the situation of persons with disabilities who are at heightened risk of abuse or exploitation. Implement appropriate referral mechanisms.
• Train persons with disabilities, their families, GBV prevention and response partners, and community workers, in how to recognize, prevent, and report instances of violence, exploitation and abuse.

Inclusion and information sharing

• Prepare all key messages to displaced populations in a variety of formats (radio, word of mouth, information booklets in ‘easy to read' format, texts with symbols and images, etc.).
• Make sure your methodologies for consultation include persons with disabilities and their households. Involve them in decision-making and programming, including the design, assessment, monitoring and evaluation of activities.
• Maintain feedback and response mechanisms which are accessible and capable of monitoring and responding to concerns of persons with disabilities. This may require adapting existing mechanisms.

Awareness-raising and advocacy

• Inform staff and partners of the rights of persons with disabilities. Emphasize that responses need to be designed in consultation with persons with disabilities to ensure they are inclusive and accessible.
• Train UNHCR and partner staff on practical steps they can take to improve accessibility and inclusion. Local organizations of persons with disabilities can be an important training resource. Encourage the authorities to include displaced and stateless persons with disabilities in national policies and programmes, including national social protection programmes.

Participation

• Include persons with disabilities in education and livelihood activities. Identify opportunities and training for them, corresponding to their experience and abilities.
• Include persons with disabilities in community-based governance mechanisms, such as refugee committees. Ideally, persons with disabilities should have their own structures and be represented in all community- based structures as well.
• Engage persons with disabilities in leadership roles in the community, as community volunteers, facilitators, etc. To achieve this, you may need to adapt selection criteria and tasks, or provide support.

6) Key management considerations

• Put in place enough staff and resources to enable the operation to address the gaps and barriers faced by persons with disabilities.
• Assess programmes regularly and ensure they are AGD-inclusive.
• Establish monitoring mechanisms for all key steps.
• Establish national partnerships to ensure that government services and other national partners are fully engaged. This is essential if programmes and support for persons with disabilities are to be sustainable.

7) Resources and partnerships

Staff

Protection; community-based protection; mental health and psychosocial support.

Partners

Partners include UN entities, INGOs, national NGOs including organisations of persons with disabilities (OPDs), and government institutions and ministries that work on disability or provide services to persons with disabilities. The latter are often able to provide mental health and psychosocial support services.

Resources

Financial resources will be required to plan and implement relevant services, interventions, and programmes. This may include budget lines for accessibility, adaptations, and assistive devices.